| Command | Definition / Action |
|---|---|
| pwd | Print Working Directory. Displays your current directory. |
| ls | Lists the contents of a directory. Options such as -l or -a modify the output. |
| cd | Change Directory. Moves you into another directory. Running cd alone returns you to your home directory. |
| mkdir | Make Directory. Creates a new folder. |
| touch | Creates a new, empty file or updates an existing file’s timestamps. |
cd projectscd changes directories.projects is a relative path.projects directory.mkdir new-projectmkdir creates a new folder.new-project inside projects.touch new-project/newfile.mdtouch creates a file or updates its timestamp.newfile.md inside new-project.cd .... refers to the parent directory.ls projects/new-projectls lists directory contents.newfile.md.